Bridging (networking)

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Bridging is a forwarding technique used in packet-switched computer networks. Unlike routing, bridging makes no assumptions about where in a network a particular address is located. Instead, it depends on broadcasting to locate unknown devices. Once a device has been located, its location is recorded in a routing table where the MAC address is stored alongside its IP Address so as to preclude the need for further broadcasting.
The utility of bridging is limited by its dependence on broadcasting, and is thus only used in local area networks. Currently, two different bridging technologies are in widespread use. Transparent bridging predominates in Ethernet networks; while source routing is used in token ring networks. Thus, bridging allows you to connect two different networks seamlessly on the data link layer, e.g. a wireless access point with a wired network switch by using MAC addresses as an addressing system. A bridge and switch are very much alike.

Bridging (networking)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridging_(networking)

Bridges

Bridges

Main article: Network bridge

A network bridge connects multiple network segments at the data link layer (layer 2) of the OSI model. Bridges do not promiscuously copy traffic to all ports, as hubs do, but learns which MAC addresses are reachable through specific ports. Once the bridge associates a port and an address, it will send traffic for that address only to that port. Bridges do send broadcasts to all ports except the one on which the broadcast was received. Bridges learn the association of ports and addresses by examining the source address of frames that it sees on various ports. Once a frame arrives through a port, its source address is stored and the bridge assumes that MAC address is associated with that port. The first time that a previously unknown destination address is seen, the bridge will forward the frame to all ports other than the one on which the frame arrived.

Bridges come in three basic types:
Local bridges: Directly connect local area networks (LANs)
Remote bridges: Can be used to create a wide area network (WAN) link between LANs. Remote bridges, where the connecting link is slower than the end networks, largely have been replaced by routers.
Wireless bridges: Can be used to join LANs or connect remote stations to LANs.

Network Interface Cards

Network Interface Cards

Kartu Network, network adapter atau NIC (network interface card) adalah sebuah bagian dari Komputer hardware yang dirancang untuk memungkinkan beberapa komputer berkomunikasi melalui jaringan komputer. Juga dipergunakan sebagai sarana phisik akses ke jaringan dan sering juga dipakai sebagai systim addressing tingkat rendah dengan menggunakan MAC addresses. NIC memungkinkan user untuk saling berhubungan satu dgn lainnya baik dengan kabel ataupun nirkabel

Network Interface Cards

Main article: Network card

A network card, network adapter or NIC (network interface card) is a piece of computer hardware designed to allow computers to communicate over a computer network. It provides physical access to a networking medium and often provides a low-level addressing system through the use of MAC addresses. It allows users to connect to each other either by using cables or wirelessly